Emergency War Agencies

Office for Emergency Management

The Office for Emergency Management was established in the Executive Office of the President by administrative order of May 25, 1940, in accordance with Section I (6) of Executive Order 8248, of September 8, 1939, which provides that there shall be, "in the event of a national emergency, or threat of a national emergency, such office for emergency management as the President shall determine."

On February 28, 1941, the President reallocated to the Office for Emergency Management the funds already made available to the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense. These funds were used for administrative and operating expenses of the Office for Emergency Management and such agencies as were established in or coordinated through it.

The Office for Emergency Management as such formerly has certain stated functions which were performed under the direction of the Liaison Officer for Emergency Management. This official existed under the terms of the administrative order issued by the President on January 7, 1941, to the effect that "provision may be made in the Office for Emergency Management for liaison facilities. . . ." When the President, by letter of november 3, 1943, accepted the resignation of the Liaison Officer for Emergency Management, he appointed no successor; the effect was to terminate the liaison facilities under the optional provisions of administrative order of January 7, 1941.

The Office for Emergency Management is primarily a framework within the confines of the Executive Office of the President, with which framework various civilian war agencies have been established. It has served as a major device for organizing the War Program. At present the Office for Emergency Management embraces the following war agencies: Committee on Fair Employment Practices, Foreign Economic Administration, National War Labor Board, Office of Alien Property Custodian, Office of Civilian Defense, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, Office of Defense Transportation, Office of Economic Stabilization, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Office of War Information, War Manpower Commission, War Production Board, and War Shipping Administration.

Committee on Fair Employment Practice

261 Constitution Avenue NW.
REpublic 7500, Branch 5101

Members
Chairman		Malcolm Ross
	John Brophy (Congress of Industrial Organizations) Boris Shishkin (American Federation of Labor) Milton P. Webster (International Vice President, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) Sara Southall (International Harvester Company) Charles L. Horn (President, Federal Cartridge Company) Charles H. Houston (Attorney)

Staff
Deputy Chairman		George M. Johnson
Administrative Officer		Theodore A. Jones
Director, Field Operations		William Maslow
Director, Review and Analysis		John A. Davis

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Creation and Authority.--The Committee on Fair Employment Practice, established within the Office of Production Management (superseded by the War Production Board) by Executive Order 8802, of June 25, 1941, was transferred to the War Manpower Commission by Presidential letter, effective July 30, 1942. This Committee ceased to exist upon the establishment of a new Committee on Fair Employment Practice within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 9346, of May 27, 1943.

Purpose.--The purpose of the new Committee is to promote the fullest utilization of all available manpower and to eliminate discriminatory employment practices. Executive Order 9346 provides that:

1. All agencies of the Government of the United States shall include in all contracts a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin.

2. All Federal agencies concerned with vocational and training programs for war production shall take all measures appropriate to assure that such programs are administered without discrimination.

3. The Committee shall formulate policies to achieve the purposes of this order and shall make recommendations to the various Federal departments and agencies. it shall also recommend to the Chairman of the War Manpower Commission appropriate measures for bringing about the full utilization and training of manpower in and for war production without discrimination.

4. The Committee shall receive and investigate complaints of discrimination. It may conduct hearings, make findings of fact, and take appropriate steps to obtain elimination of such discrimination.

5. The Committee shall assume jurisdiction over all complaints and matters pending before the old Committee.

6. The Committee shall have the power to promulgate such rules and regulations as may be appropriate or necessary to carry out the provisions of the order.

Field Offices--Committee on Fair Employment Practice
Region	Director	Headquarters
Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York	Edward H. Lawson	350 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, N.Y.
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware	G. James Fleming	21 S. Twelfth Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
Suboffice	Milo A. Manly, Examiner in Charge	412 Fulton Building, Sixth Avenue and Duquesne Way, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Maryland, West Virginia, North Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia	Joseph H.B. Evans	261 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington 25, D.C.

Field Offices--Committee on Fair Employment Practice--Continued
Region	Director	Headquarters
Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan.	William T. McKnight.	860 Union Commerce Building, E. Ninth Street and Euclid Avenue, Cleveland 14, Ohio.
Suboffice.	Harold James, Examiner in Charge.	713 Keith Building, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Suboffice.	Edward M. Swan, Examiner in Charge.	1516 Penobscot Building, Griswold and Fort Streets, Detroit, Mich.
Indiana, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois.	Elmer W. Henderson.	Room 1549, 222 W. Adams, Chicago 6, Ill.
Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida.	Witherspoon Dodge	Room 525, 10 Forsyth Street Building, Atlanta 3, Ga.
Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Utah.	Roy A. Hoglund	724 Rialto Building, 906 Grand Avenue, Kansas City 6, Mo.
Suboffice.	Theodore E. Brown, Examiner in Charge.	1125 Paul Brown Building, St. Louis 1, Mo.
Western Texas, Arizona, New Mexico.	Dr. Carlos Casteneda.	1001 Mercantile Bank Building, Ervay and Main Streets, Dallas, Tex.
California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona.	Harry L. Kingman.	627 Furniture Mart Building, 1355 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif.
Suboffice.	Robert E. Brown, Jr., Examiner in Charge.	642 Western Pacific Building, 1031 S. Broadway, Los Angeles, Calif.
Eastern Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana.	W. Don Ellinger	1015 Carondelet Building, New Orleans, La.

Approved

Malcolm Ross
Chairman

Foreign Economic Administration

Temporary Building T, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW.
EXecutive 7030, Branch 645

Absorbed Office of Lend-Lease Adminstration on September 25, 1943, under Executive Order 9380.

Officials
Administrator	Leo T. Crowley
Deputy Administrator	Oscar Cox
Deputy Administrator	Henry W. Riley
Special Assistant to the Administrator	Sidney Sherwood
Special Assistant to the Administrator	James W. Angell
Assistant Deputy Administrator	James A. Perkins
Director, Clearing Office for Foreign Transactions and Reports	Homer Jones
General Counsel	Alfred E. Davidson
Assistant to the Administrator	William Griffin
Assistant to the Administrator	Joseph Juran
Assistant to the Administrator	Whiting Willauer
Assistant to the Administrator	H.H. Fowler
Assistant Administrator for Economic Programs (Office of Economic Programs)	James W. Angell
Assistant Administrator for Budget and Administrative Planning (Office of Budget and Administrative Planning)	Walter H. Duncan
Assistant Administrator for Personnel (Office of Personnel)	Kenneth O. Warner
Assistant Administrator for Finance (Office of Finance)	L.W. A'Hearn
Assistant Administrator for Management Services (Office of Management Services)	Rex A. Anderson

Executive Director for Supplies, Bureau of Supplies	Sidney H. Scheuer
Deputy Director	Kurt Lowenstein
Executive Officer	Paul C. Gerhart
Director, Foreign Procurement and Development Branch	Arthur Z. Gardiner
Director, Requirements and Supply Branch	Samuel H. Lebensburger
Director, Office of Food Programs	Herbert W. Parisius
Director, Transportation and Storage Branch	Harold M. Salisbury
Chief, Commercial Transactions Staff	Ben H. Reese
Chief Engineer, Engineering Service	Alex Taub
Chief, Trade Relations Staff	Mason Manghum
Chief, Surplus Disposal Branch	Sidney H. Scheuer
Executive Director for Areas, Bureau of Areas	Arthur Paul
Deputy Executive Director	(Vacancy)
Executive Officer	Robert J. Carmody
Director, Liberated Areas Branch	Rupert Emerson
Director, Special Areas Branch	John R. Fleming, Acting
Director, General Areas Branch	Charles Denby
Director, German and Austrian Branch	H.H. Fowler, Acting
Director, Pan American Branch	George L. Bell
Director, Field Operations Staff	Myron L. Black

Bibliography All for One; One for All: The Story of Lend-Lease Lend-Lease Shipments, World War II (Inventory of War Department Shipments to 31 December 1946)

Export-Import Bank of Washington

(811 Vermont Avenue NW. EXecutive 3111, Branch 627)

Board of Trustees:

Leo T. Crowley, Chairman Foreign Economic Administrator)
Warren Lee Pierson (President, Export-Import Bank of Washington)
Harry D. White (Assistant Secretary of the Treasury)
Leslie A. Wheeler (Director, Foreign Agricultural Relations, Department of Agriculture)
Charles B. Henderson (Chairman, Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
H.A. Mulligan (Director and Treasurer, Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
W.D. Whittemore (Vice President, Export-Import Bank of Washington)
Hawthorne Arey (Vice President, Export-Import Bank of Washington)
Emilio G. Collado (Director, Office of Financial and Development Policy, Department of State)
Eugene le Baron (Vice President, Export-Import Bank of Washington)

Officials:

Chairman, Board of Trustees	Leo T. Crowley
President	Warren Lee Pierson
Vie President	W.D. Whittemore
Vice President and General Counsel	Hawthorne Arey
Vice President	Eugene Le Baron
Secretary	Richard W. Effland
Assistant Secretary	J.C. Futrelle
Treasurer	D.B. Griffin
Assistant Treasurer	James F. Mersereau

Petroleum Reserves Corporation

(Department of the Interior Building, REpublic 1820, Branch 2345)

Board of Directors:

Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. (Secretary of State)
Henry L. Stimson (Secretary of War)
James Forrestal (Secretary of the Navy)
Harold L. Ickes (Secretary of the Interior)
Leo T. Crowley (Foreign Economic Administrator)

Officials:

President	Harold L. Ickes
Assistant to the President	Gordon M. Sessions
Executive Vice President and General Manager	(Vacancy)
Treasurer	Henry W. Riley
Secretary	Edward B. Swanson
General Counsel	(Vacancy)
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer	Albin J. Plant

Rubber Development Corporation

(101 Indiana Avenue NW. EXecutive 3111, Branch 1574)

Directors:

Leo T. Crowley, Chairman	H. Clay Johnson
Douglas H. Allen	Warren Lee Pierson
John W. Bucknell	Francis A. Truslow
D.C. Carnes	Frederick W. Utz
Bernard F. Haley

Officials:

Chairman of the Board of Directors	Leo T. Crowley
President	Francis A. Truslow
Executive vice President	Frederick W. Utz
Vice President	D.C. Carnes
Vice President	John W. Bicknell
Assistant Vice President	R.B. Bogardus
Secretary	George H. Hubert
General Counsel	H. Clay Johnson
Assistant Secretary and Assistant General Counsel	Raymond J. Consley
Assistant General Counsel, Litigation	James L. Dougherty
Treasurer	W.C. Beck, Jr.
Assistant Treasurer	R.L. Bynum
Assistant Treasurer	F.J. Farrington
Chief Auditor	Nathaniel Royall

U.S. Commercial Company

(2403 Temporary Building U, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW)
EXecutive 7030, Branch 2060)

Board of Directors:

Leo T. Crowley, Chairman	Arthur Paul
Oscar Cox	Warren Lee Pierson
Alfred E. Davidson	Henry W. Riley
Charles T. Fisher, Jr.	Sidney H. Scheuer
Arthur Z. Gardiner	Charles P. Taft
Herbert W. Parisius	Harry D. White

Officials:

President	Leo T. Crowley
Vice President	Sidney H. Scheuer
Vice President	Arthur Z. Gardiner
Vice President	Herbert W. Parisius
Vice President	Ben H. Reese
Vice President	Van Lear Woodward
Secretary and Treasurer	Henry W. Riley
Assistant Secretary	B.W. Ruffner
Assistant Treasurer	W.E. Unzicker
Assistant Treasurer	L.W. A'Hearn
Assistant Treasurer	Edgar M. Brister
General Counsel	Alfred E. Davidson
Assistant General Counsel	Clarence Blau
Assistant General Counsel	George Jewett
Assistant General Counsel	Ira Schuster
Assistant General Counsel	Bernard Shapiro

Creation and Authority.--The Foreign Economic Administration was established within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 9380, of September 25, 1943, to unify and consolidate governmental activities relating to foreign economic affairs. The order transferred to the Administration the Office of Lend-Lease Administration, the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, the Office of Economic Warfare (together with the agencies¹ and functions transferred thereto by Executive Order 9361, of July 15, 1943), and the foreign procurement activities of the War Food Administration and the Commodity Credit corporation to the Foreign Economic Administration.

Organization.--The Office of the Administrator comprises two Deputy Administrators, two Special Assistants and four Assistants to the Administrator, advisers, and special consultants. Six staff offices, headed by a General Counsel and five Assistant Administrators, report directly to the Office of the Administrator. The staff offices include: General Counsel, Economic Programs, Budget and Administrative Planning, Personnel, Finance, and Management Services.

The Bureau of Supplies includes the following branches and services: Foreign Procurement and Development Branch, Requirements and Supply Branch, Office of Food Programs, Transportation and Storage Branch, Commercial Transactions Staff, Engineering Service, a Trade Relations Staff, and appropriate consolidated commodity divisions. The Bureau of Areas includes the following branches: Liberated Areas, Special Areas, General Areas, German and Austrian, and Pan American, as well as a Field Operations Staff.

Bureau of Supplies.--In general, the Bureau of Supplies analyzes foreign requirement and requisitions with reference to availability of supplies; presents supply claims to the appropriate allocating agencies; arranges for procurement of supplies in the United States, and initiates and administers procurement and development in foreign countries; regulates and expedites the flow of commercial exports; arranges for transportation, warehousing, and redistribution of commodities and materials; and performs other duties as outlined in the orders. In carrying out may of its activities, this Bureau cooperates closely with the Bureau of Areas, directing its programs within the framework of area determinations.

Bureau of Areas.--In general, the Bureau of Areas makes broad program decisions regarding Foreign Economic Administration operations in all areas, coordinating such programs and harmonizing them with State Department foreign policy and with military activities and request; analyzes foreign requirements with reference to area considerations, and assists the Bureau of Supplies in presentations to allocating agencies; is responsible for economic intelligence and analysis work, and for preclusive buying and other economic programs; develops and directs FEA [Foreign Economic Administration] programs for liberated areas, including assigned activities related to participation in United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration operations; supervises FEA field

work; and performs other duties as outlined, working closely with the Bureau of Supplies in many of its activities.

All foreign representatives of the various agencies and corporations which have been merged in the Foreign Economic Administration have been placed in the FEA foreign mission, bringing actual consolidation of administrative machinery abroad as well as in the United States.

Export-Import Bank of Washington

Creation and Authority.--The President, pursuant to authority granted to him by section 2 of title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act (48 Stat. 195), as amended, directed, by Executive Order 6581, dated February 2, 1934, the organization of a District of Columbia banking corporation under the name of Export-Import Bank of Washington.

The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce were authorized and directed to cause the corporation to be formed with such certificate of incorporation and bylaws as they should deem necessary to define the methods by which the corporation should conduct its business. The certificate of incorporation of the Bank was filed in the office of the Recorder of Deeds of the District of Columbia on February 12, 1934.

The act approved January 31, 1935, as amended (15 U.S.C. 713b), continues the Bank as an agency of the United States until January 22, 1947. Executive Order 9361 of July 15, 1943, transferred the Bank to the Office of Economic Warfare, which, by Executive Order 9380 of September 25, 1943, was consolidated into the Foreign Economic Administration.

Purpose.--The purpose of the Bank is to aid in financing and to facilitate exports, imports, and the exchange of commodities between the United States and any of its Territories or insular possessions and any foreign country or its agencies or nationals. The act approved September 26, 1940 (54 Stat. 961), increased the authorized limit of loans outstanding at any one time from $200,000,000 to $70,000,000 to enable the Bank to make loans, inter alia, to assist in the development of the resources, the stabilization of the economies, and the orderly marketing of the products of the countries of the Western Hemisphere.

Petroleum Reserves Corporation

Creation and Authority.--On June 30 1943, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation established the Petroleum Reserves Corporation pursuant to section 5d of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act. Executive Order 9361 of July 15, 1943, transferred the Corporation to the Office of Economic Warfare, which, by Executive Order 9380 of September 25, 1943, was consolidated into the Foreign Economic Administration.

Purpose.--The purpose of the Corporation is to buy or to otherwise acquire reserves of crude petroleum from sources outside the United States, including the purchase or acquisition of stock in corporations owning such reserves or interests therein, and to store, transport, produce, process, manufacture, sell, market, and otherwise dispose of

such crude petroleum and the products derived therefrom. It is also authorized to construct and operate outside the United States such refineries, pipelines, storage tanks, and other facilities as are necessary in connection with carrying out the objects and purposes of the Corporation.

Rubber Development Corporation²

Creation and Purpose.--Rubber Development Corporation is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Executive Order 9380, dated September 25, 1943, transferred the capital stock (including all of the issued and outstanding shares of stock which were held by Reconstruction Finance Corporation) to the control of the Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration.

Rubber Development Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors elected by the stockholders and by officers appointed by the Board of Directors. The principal office of Rubber Development Corporation is in Washington, D.C. Representatives of Rubber Development Corporation are stationed in all principal foreign countries in which the Corporation is engaged in business.

The Corporation is engaged in carrying on all activities connected with, arising out of, or in any way related to the exploration, development, and procurement of crude rubber, balata, cryptostegia, guayule, and other gums of similar utility in all areas outside the continental United States for which the United States has assumed responsibility. It is also engaged in the procurement of liquid latex, scrap rubber, and reclaimed rubber and rubber products in foreign countries.

U.S. Commercial Company

Creation and Authority.--The U.S. Commercial Company was created March 27, 1942, as a subsidiary of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Executive Order 9361 of July 15, 1943, transferred control of the U.S. Commercial Company to the Office of Economic Warfare, which, by executive Order 9380 of September 25, 1943, was consolidated into the Foreign Economic Administration.

Activities.--The Company serves as the corporate agent of the Foreign Economic Administration for the procurement and development of strategic materials and essential foodstuffs, outside the United States, the operation of certain special projects for the Army and Navy in war zones, the execution of certain kinds of economic warfare against the enemy, and the facilitating of American trade with areas with which direct commercial dealings have been cut off or restricted by reason of the war.

Approved.

Leo T. Crowley
Administrator

National War Labor Board

Department of Labor Building
REpublic 7500, Branch 75433

Members
Representing the Public
Chairman	George W. Taylor (Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania)

Frank P. Graham (President, University of North Carolina)
Lloyd K. Garrison (Dean of Law School, University of Wisconsin)
(Vacancy)

Alternates--to serve in case of absence of a member:

Lewis M. Gill (Former Chairman, Cleveland Regional Board)
Dexter M. Keezer (Former President of Reed College)
Edwin F. Witte (Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin)
Nathan P. Feinsinger (Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School)

Representing the Employee

Van A. Bittner (Assistant to the President, United Steelworkers of America, Congress of Industrial Organizations
George Meany (Secretary-Treasurer, American Federation of Labor)
R.J. Thomas (President, United Automobile Works or America, CIO)
Matthew Woll (Vice President, AFL)

Alternates--to serve in case of absence of a member:

John Brophy (Director of Industrial Union Councils, CIO)
Martin P. Durkin (President, United Association of Plumbers and Steamfitters of the United States and Canada, AFL)
Emil Rieve (President, Textile Workers Union of America, CIO)
Robert J. Watt (International Representative, AFL)

Representing the Employer

Frederick S. Fales (Formerly Vice President and Director, Socony Vacuum Corporation)
Horace B. Horton (Treasurer, Chicago Bridge and Iron Corporation)
George H. Mead (Chairman of the Board, Mead Corporation)
James Tanham (Vice President of the Texas Company

Alternates--to serve in case of absence of a member:

J. Holmes Davis (Chairman of the Board, Spofford Mills Incorporated)
Lee H. Hill (Vice President, Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.)
Walter T. Margetts (McLanaghan, Merrit and Ingraham)
John P. McWilliams (President, youngstown Steel Door Co.)

Staff
Executive Director	Theodore W. Kheel
General Counsel	Jesse Friedin
Deputy Executive Director	Fred E. Desmond
Director of Administrative Management	W.R. Little
Director of Disputes Division	Leonard Berliner
Director of Public Information	Archie W. Robinson
Director of Wage Stabilization	C.R. Daugherty

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Creation and Authority.--As a result of a conference of representatives of labor and industry which met at the call of the President on December 17, 1941, there was established within the Office for Emergency Management the National War Labor Board by Executive Order 9017, dated January 12, 1942. The National Defense

Mediation Board, established by Executive Order 8716 of March 19, 1941, ceased to exist upon creation of the National War Labor Board. All duties with respect to cases certified to the National Defense Mediation Board were assumed by the National War Labor Board.

Executive Order 9250 of October 3, 1942, issued pursuant to the act of October 2, 1942 (56 Stat. 765; 50 App. U.S.C. 961), amending the Price Control Act of 1942, extended the authority of the Board so that no increases or decreases in wage rates may be made without its approval. On October 27, 1942, the Director of Economic Stabilization delegated to the Board similar authority over salary rates under $5,000, with a few exceptions.

Additional statutory authority was given the Board by Congress in the War Labor Disputes (Smith-Connally) Act of June 25, 1943. This act authorized the Board to settle all labor disputes affecting the war effort and to provide by order the "terms and condition . . . governing the relations between the parties which shall be in effect until further order of the Board."

Provision for effectuating compliance with orders of the War Labor Board through the Director of Economic Stabilization was made in Executive Order 9370 of August 16 1943.

Purpose.--Executive Order 9017 provides that "the procedures for adjusting and settling labor disputes which might interrupt work which contributes to the effective prosecution of the war shall be as follows: (a) The parties shall first resort to direct negotiations or to the procedures provided in a collective bargaining agreement. (b) If not settled in this manner, the Commissioners of Conciliation of the Department of Labor shall be notified if they have not already intervened in the dispute. (c) If not promptly settled by conciliation, the Secretary of Labor shall certify the dispute on its own motion. After it takes jurisdiction, the Board shall finally determine the dispute, and for this purpose may use mediation, voluntary arbitration, or arbitration under the rules established by the Board."

The order does not apply to labor disputes for which procedures for adjustment or settlement are otherwise provided until those procedures have been exhausted.

Under Executive Order 9328, of April 8, 1943, and a subsequent clarification of that order by the Director of Economic Stabilization on May 12, 1943, the Board is authorized to approve increases in rates prevailing on September 15, 1942, only if such increases are necessary to eliminate substandards of living, to correct gross inequities up to the minimum of sound and tested going rates in the area, to apply the Little Steel formula, or in rare and unusual cases where necessary to aid in the effective prosecution of the war. The Board may also make reasonable adjustments in case of promotions, reclassifications, merit increases, incentive wages, or the like.

In January 1943, the Board delegated authority over all labor disputes and wage and salary adjustment cases to 12 Regional War Labor Boards. The Washington Board retains original jurisdiction of policy-making cases, and sits as a supreme court to hear appeals from the Regional Boards.

Regional Boards.--The National War Labor Board uses the services of the field organization of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions of the Department of Labor. These field offices will answer specific questions by employers and employees in their localities pertaining to the wage and salary adjustments over which the NWLB has jurisdiction, and will provide forms on which to make application for adjustments of such wages and salaries. These forms are submitted by the Wage and Hour Division to the appropriate Regional War labor Board.

Regional Boards--National War Labor Board
Region	Regional Chairman	Address
No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut	Saul Wallen	209 Washington Street, Boston 8, Mass.
No. 2. New York, northern New Jersey	Thomas L. Norton	220 E. Forty-second Street, New York 17, N.Y.
No. 3. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, southern New Jersey	Sylvester Garrett	21 So. Twelfth Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
No. 4. Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Virginia.	M.T. Van Hecke	116 Candler Building, Atlanta 1, Ga.
No. 5. Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky	Frederick H. Bullen	3rd Floor, Guardian Building, 629 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland 14, Ohio.
No. 6. Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota	Edgar L. Warren	McCormick Building, 332 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago 6, Ill.
No. 7. Missouri, Arkansas, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa	Paul F. Nachtman	11th Floor, Fidelity Building, Kansas City 6, Mo.
No. 8. Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma	Wales F. Madden	New Mercantile Bank Building, Dallas 2, Tex.
No. 9. Colorado, Nw Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, utah, Idaho.	J. Glenn Donaldson	300 Paramount Building, Denver 2, Colo.
No. 10. California, Nevada, Arizona	Thomas F. Neblett	1355 Market Street, San Francisco 3, Calif.
No. 11. Michigan	Louis C. Mariani	230 Penobscot Building, Detroit 26, Mich.
No. 12. Oregon, Washington, Alaska	George Bernard Noble	1411 Fourth Avenue Building, Seattle 1, Wash.

Approved.

George W. Taylor
Chairman

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Office of Alien Property Custodian

National Press Building, Washington 25, D.C.; DIstrict 8515
Equitable Building, New York 5, N.Y.; COurtland 7-8603

Officials
Alien Property Custodian	James E. Markham
Deputy Alien Property Custodian	Francis J. McNamara
General Counsel	John Ernest Roe
Executive Officer	William H. Moore
Secretary	Lloyd L. Shaulis

Executive Departments
Chief, Division of Business Operations and Liquidation	Charles R. Bergherm
Chief, Division of Research and Statistics	Fritz Machlup
Chief, Division of Investigation	Henry Hilken
Chief, Division of Patent Administration	Howland H. Sargeant
Chief, Property Division	Thomas H. Creighton, Jr.
Comptroller	William E. Downey
Manager, New York Office	Frank J. Garvey
Manager, San Francisco Office	A.L. Stoner
Manager, Honolulu Office	Roger E. Brooks

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Creation and Authority.--The Office of Alien Property Custodian was established in the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 9095 of March 11, 1942, under the specific authority of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended. The functions and duties of the Office of Alien Property Custodian were further defined by Executive Order 9193 of July 6, 1942, amending Executive Order 9095.

Activities.--The Alien Property Custodian is authorized to control of vest foreign-owned property, whether the ownership rests with a foreign government or with an individual who is a national of a foreign country, or with a business enterprise which is a national of a foreign country. Once vested, such property shall be held, used, administered, liquidated, sold, or otherwise dealt with in the interest of and for the benefit of the United States.

The Alien Property Custodian is authorized and empowered to take such action as he deems necessary in the national interest, including,but not limited to, the power to direct, manage, supervise, control, or vest, with respect to:

1. Any business enterprise within the United States which is an enemy national.

2. Any other business enterprise in the United States which is a foreign national, after determination by the Custodian and certification to the Secretary of the Treasury that the action is necessary in the national interest.

3. Any other property within the United States owned or controlled by an enemy government or national, except cash, deposits, securities, and similar property, the latter being subject to control only when they are determined to be necessary for the maintenance of property subject to vesting belonging to the same enemy country or national.

4. Any patent, copyright, and trademark and related property and interests, in which any foreign government or national has any interest.

5. Any ship in which there is any foreign interest.

6. Any property in process of administration by any person acting under judicial supervision, or which is in partition, libel, condemnation, or other similar proceedings and which is owned or claimed by an enemy government or national.

The Alien Property Custodian is also authorized to issue regulations concerning the service of process or notice upon persons in enemy countries or enemy-occupied territory in connection with court or administrative actions or proceedings, and to represent such persons in such actions or proceedings.

Executive Order 9142 of April 21, 1942, transferred to the Alien Property Custodian all authority, rights, privileges, powers, duties, and functions transferred or delegated to the Department of Justice (Alien Property Division) by Executive Order 6694 of May 1, 1934, or delegated to the Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Claims Division of the Department of Justice by Executive Order 8136 of May 15, 1939, as well as all personnel and property, including funds, of the Alien Property Division of the Department of Justice.

All litigation in which the Alien Property Custodian or the Office of Alien Property Custodian is interested is, under the provisions of Executive Order 9142, to be conducted under the supervision of the Attorney General.

The liquidation of vested property, except patents, is being effected through a program of public sales. More than 44,000 patents and patent applications formerly owned by nationals of enemy countries and enemy-occupied territories are being license to American industry.

Approved.

James E. Markham
Alien Property Custodian

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Office of Civilian Defense

499 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.
REpublic 7500, Branch 6327

Officials
Director	William N. Haskell
Deputy Director	Col. Frank A. McNamee, Jr.
Medical Assistant in Charge of Emergency Medical Service	Dr. Thomas B. McKneely
Division of Federal-State Cooperation Chief	Leonard L. Henninger
Protection Services Division Chief	Col. Augustine S. Janeway
Protective Property Division Chief	Col. Edward L. White
Industrial Protection Division Chief	Col. John B. Warden
Reports and Awards Office Chief	Elwyn A. Mauck
Administrative Division Chief	G.A. Bonnstetter
Civilian Defense Board
Chairman	William N. Haskell
Ex officio:
Secretary of War	Henry L. Stimson
Attorney General	Francis Biddle
Secretary of the Navy	James Forrestal
Chairman, War Manpower Commission	Paul V. McNutt
Appointive:
Earl Mallery (Executive Director, American Municipal Association)     Basil O'Connor (Chairman, American Red Cross)     Maurice J. Tobin (Governor of Massachusetts)

Creation and Authority.--The Office of Civilian Defense was established within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 8757 of May 20, 1941, amended by Executive Orders 8799 of June 20, 1941, 8822 of July 16, 1941, and 9134 of April 15, 1942. A Civilian Defense Board was created by Executive Order 9134 to advise and assist the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense.

Purpose.--The Office was established to assure effective coordination of Federal relations with State and local governments engaged in the furtherance of war programs; to provide for necessary cooperation with State and local governments with respect to measures for adequate protection of the civilian population in war emergencies; and to facilitate participation by all persons in war programs.

To carry out its functions, the Office of Civilian Defense has four operating divisions--Federal-State Cooperation, Protection Services, Protective Property, and Industrial Protection.

Division of Federal-State Cooperation.--Facilitates cooperation between the States and the Federal agencies which sponsor programs essential to the successful prosecution of the war, that require community participation and the services of volunteers. Through State Defense Councils, the division aids and encourages community organization for civilian war services, but the several Federal agencies retain full responsibility for providing technical advice and guidance in their respective States. Most usual are programs on health, hosing, manpower, recreation, welfare and child care, agriculture, consumer interests, nutrition, salvage, transportation, and war savings. Volunteers serving in civilian war services programs are members of the United States Citizens Service Corps. Boys and girls under 16 years of age volunteering their services under the supervision of adult group leaders are enrolled in the Junior Citizens Service Corps.

Protection Services Division.--Develops comprehensive programs for training and organizing volunteers to safeguard the civilian population by such means as blackouts, camouflage, civilian evacuation, protective construction, and other defense against air attacks. Also, it develops programs of rescue of endangered persons, demolition of damaged structures and clearance of necessary thoroughfares, repair of disrupted utilities, auxiliary fire and police services, and many other measures to combat war-related emergencies and disasters. These programs are put into effect through the United States Citizens Defense Corps.

Protective Property Division.--Administers the protective property and equipment purchased by the Federal Government for loan through the Office of Civilian Defense to States and communities in accordance with the provisions of the act approved January 27, 1942 (56 Stat. 19; 50 U.S.C. App. 741), which authorized an appropriation of $100,000,000 for this purpose. This Division allocates, authorizes shipment, sends instructions on care and maintenance, and inspects equipment loaned to such local communities "as may be determined by the said Director (of OCD) to be in need of, but unable to provide, such protection."

Industrial Protection Division.--Provides assistance to industrial plants regarding protection against wartime industrial hazards such

as fire and accidents and against enemy action such as sabotage. The Division advises the State War Inspection Service and State Plant Protection Officers on standards of industrial protection and methods of training and organization of plant protection personnel and assists them in the establishment of effective protection programs.

State Defense Councils.--The State Defense Councils listed below Re responsible for the 11,400 local Defense Councils in which there are enrolled approximately 11,000,000 volunteers.

State Civilian Defense Councils
State	Officer	Address
Alabama	Haygood Paterson, Executive Director.	State Defense Council, P.O. Box 196, Montgomery 1.
Arizona	E.P. McDowell, Executive Secretary	State Defense Council, 409 Arizona State Building, Phoenix.
Arkansas	L.A. Henry, Secretary	State Defense Council, 326 State Capitol, Little Rock.
California	Vandyce Hamren, Director	State Defense Council, Administration Building, State Fair Grounds, 2751 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento 7.
Colorado	Donald C. Bromfield, Coordinator	State Council of Defense, 704 Midland Savings Building, Denver 2.
Connecticut	Henry B. Mosle, Administrator	State War Council, State Armory, Broad Street, Hartford 1.
Delaware	Gerrish Glassaway, Executive Vice Chairman	State Council of Defense, 839 King Street, Wilmington 28.
District of Columbia	Capt. A.C. Whitehurst, Director	D.C. Department of Civilian Defense, 306 District Building, Washington 4.
Florida	Gen. A.H. Blanding, Acting Executive Director	State Defense Council, P.O. Box 1229, Tallahassee.
Georgia	Lon E. Sullivan, Director	State Civilian Defense Council, 273 Capitol Avenue SW., Atlanta 3.
Idaho	Boise G. Riggs, Executive Secretary	Department of Law Enforcement, P.O. Box 1129, Boise.
Illinois	Maj. Gen. Frank Parker, Executive Director	State War Council, 188 W. Randolph Street, Chicago 1.
Chicago (Metropolitan area)	Mayor Edward J. Kelly, Coordinator	Metropolitan Office of Civilian Defense, 23 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago 6.
Indiana	Clarence A. Jackson, Director	State Defense Council, 300 Board of Trade Building, 143 North Meridian Street, Indianapolis 4.
Iowa	Rodney Q. Selby, Secretary	State Industrial and Defense Commission, 708 Crocker Building, Des Moines 9.
Kansas	Scott Berridge, Executive Director	State Council of Defense, Liberty Building, Topeka.
Kentucky	Gen. G.H. May, Director	State Defense Council, New Capitol Building, Frankfort.
Louisiana	G.J. Meredith, Acting State Coordinator	State Civilian Defense Council, State Capitol, P.O. Box 4213, Baton Rouge 4.
Maine	Col. F.H. Farnum, Director	Civilian Defense Council, State House, August 1.
Maryland	William G. Ewald, Executive Director	State Council of Defense, 503 O'Sullivan Building, Baltimore 2.
Massachusetts	J.W. Farley, Executive Director	State Commission on Public Safety, 18 Tremont Street, Boston 8.
Michigan	Capt. Donald S. Leonard, Director	State Council of Defense, Box 1318, Lansing 4.
Minnesota	Lester Badger, Director	Division of Civil Defense, State Capitol, St. Paul 1.
Mississippi	Rev. Otis D. Ashworth, Director	State War Council, P.O. Box 115, Jackson 102.

State Civilian Defense Councils--Continued
State	Officer	Address
Missouri	James A. Potter, Administrator	State Council of Defense, Governor Hotel, Jefferson City.
Montana	William G. Ferguson, Coordinator	State War Council, 337 Capitol Building, Helena.
Nebraska	C.H. Rhoades, Coordinator	State Advisory Defense Committee, State House, Lincoln 9.
Nevada	Hugh A Shamberger, State Director	State Council of Defense, Heroes Memorial Building, Carson City.
New Hampshire	Noel Wellman, Director	State Council of Defense, Room 405 State House Annex, Concord.
New Jersey	Judge Wm. A. Wachenfeld, Director	Office of Civilian Defense, 114th Infantry Armory, Trenton 8.
New York	Harold H.Schaff, Executive Secretary	State War Council, State Capitol, Albany 1.
North Carolina	R.L. McMillan, Director	State Office of Civilian Defense, 515 Commercial Building, Raleigh.
North Dakota	Brig. Gen. L.R. Baird, Executive Officer and Vice Chairman.	State Defense Council, Bismarck.
Ohio	Ralph H. Stone, Director	State Council of Defense, 101 N. High Street, Columbus 4.
Oklahoma	R.M. Mallonee, Director	State War Council, 427 State Capitol, Oklahoma City 5.
Oregon	Jack A. Hayes, Acting Administrator	State Defense Council, 408 State Office Building, Salem.
Pennsylvania	Dr. Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Executive Director	State Council of Defense, State Capitol Building, Harrisburg 1.
Rhode Island	Lt. Col. George R. Thompson, Director	State Council of Defense, Armory of Mounted Commands, N. Maine Street, Providence 4.
South Carolina	Col. John A. Brockman, Director	State Council of Defense, 102 Wade Hampton Office Building, Columbia 10.
South Dakota	R.P. Harmon, Coordinator	State Council of Defense, c/o Governor's Office, Pierre.
Tennessee	Will R. Manier, Jr., Coordinator	State Defense Council, 418 Sixth Avenue N., Nashville 3.
Texas	Coke R. Stevenson, Chairman	State War Council, Austin 11.
Utah	Gus P. Backman, Executive Vice Chairman	State Council of Defense, P.O. box 329, Salt Lake City 8.
Vermont	Albert A. Cree, Executive Vice Chairman	State Council of Safety, State House, Montpelier.
Virginia	John J. Howard, Coordinator	State Office of Civilian Defense, Memorial Hall, 1201 E. Broad Street, Richmond 19.
Washington	W.A. Groce, Executive Director	State Defense Council, Room 327, 305 Harrison Street, Seattle 9.
West Virginia	J. Howard Myers, Executive Director	State Council of Defense, 1816 E. Washington Street, Charleston 1.
Wisconsin	Lt. Col. George R. Howitt, Director	State Council of Defense, 231 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee 3.
Wyoming	George O. Houser, Executive Secretary	State Council of Defense, State Capitol, Cheyenne.

Approved.

William N. Haskell
Director

Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs

Department of Commerce Building, Washington 25, D.C., REpublic 7500, Branch 5321
444 Madison Avenue, new York, N.Y., PLaza 5-3939

Officials
Deputy Coordinator	Wallace K. Harrison
Executive Director	Victor Borella
Director, Research Division	William W. Diehl
Assistant Coordinator (Information)	(Vacancy)
Director, Radio Division	John W. Ogilvie
Director, Motion Picture Division	Francis L. Alstock
Director, Regional Division	John Akin
Director, Education Division	G. Kenneth Holland
Director, Content Planning Division	Charles H. Kline
Assistant Coordinator (Press and Publications)	Francis A. Jamieson
Executive Assistant	Nelson J. Riley
Director, General News Division	Jamie H. Plenn
Director, Feature Division	John M. Robey
Director, Economic News Division	Frederick R. Gardner
Graphics and Publications Division	Alexander L. Murphy
Assistant Coordinator (Basic Economy)	Dr. George C. Dunham
Director, Health and Sanitation Division	Harold B. Gotaas
Director, Food Supply Division	William C. Brister
Assistant Coordinator (Special Services and Administration)	Victor Borella
Director, U.S. Education and Teachers Aid Division	Harold E. Davis
Director, Services and Field Coordination Division	Walter Hecht
Director, Personnel Division	Thomas Klechak
Director, Budget and Finance Division	John W. Hisle
Director, Service Operations Division	John C. Floyd
Assistant Coordinator (Transportation)	Julian L. Schley
General Counsel	Lawrence H. Levy
Counsel to Corporations	Kenneth R. Iverson
Special Assistant to the Deputy Coordinator	Walter T. Prendergast

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Creation and Authority.--Executive Order 8840, dated July 30, 1941, established the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs within the Office for Emergency Management.

Purpose.--The functions of the Officer are to:

1. "Serve as the center for the coordination of the cultural and commercial relations of the Nation affecting hemisphere defense.

2. "Formulate and execute programs, in cooperation with the Department of State, which, by effective use of governmental and private facilities in such fields as the arts and sciences, education and travel, the radio, the press, and the cinema, will further th national defense and strengthen the bonds between the nations of the Western Hemisphere.

3. "Formulate, recommend, and execute programs in the commercial and economic fields which, by the effective use of governmental and private facilities, will further the commercial well-being of the Western Hemisphere.

4. "Assist in the coordination and carrying out of the purposes of Public Resolution 83 approved June 15, 1940, entitled 'To authorize

the Secretaries of War and of the Navy to assist the governments of American republics to increase their military and naval establishments and for other purposes.'
5. "Review existing laws and recommend such new legislation as may be deemed essential to the effective realization of the basic cultural and commercial objectives of the Government's program of Hemisphere solidarity.

6. "Exercise and perform all powers and functions now or heretofore vested in the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics, established by order of the Council of National Defense on August 15, 1940.

7. "Keep the President informed with respect to progress made in carrying out this order; and perform such other related duties as the President may from time to time assign or delegate to it."

Activities.--The Office has functioned to build up a strong mutual respect and understanding among all the nations of the Americas in order that they might be better prepared to meet jointly emergency wartime demands and to plan jointly for a sound post-war structure. The work is broadly divided between two fields of activity, economic and informational.

A primary objective of the Office has been to cooperate in the sound economic development of the other American republics and many projects in the economic field have been undertaken not only by the Office of Inter-American Affairs but also by other agencies of the Government and by private groups. The Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals resulted from a study made by the Office with the cooperation of the Departments of State and Commerce.

Another activity of the Office in the economic field has been an exhaustive study of the ownership of airlines in the other American republics, which revealed a large number of lines owned by Axis interests. A fund of $8,000,000 was allocated by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Defense Supplies Corporation to provide the necessary equipment for the purpose of getting airline control out of the hands of the Axis.

The economic development program is designed to help develop and conserve the natural resources of the Americas through technical assistance in the increase of industrialization, encouragement of greater productivity, and the consequent rise in purchasing power. The Office seeks to remove barriers to trade and commerce, to improve markets for United States goods, and to make possible the greater flow of necessary raw materials to the United States.

The Office works in close collaboration with the Inter-American Development Commission in stimulating economic development for the mutual benefit of all Western Hemisphere nations.

In the field of agriculture, critical food shortages in the other American republics arising from wartime conditions have been alleviated by cooperative food supply programs carried on under the technical supervision of field parties from the United States through agreements with governments of the other republics. Under these programs food has been provided for United States Army and Navy personnel stationed in the other Americas as well as for workers engaged in the production of strategic materials. provision also has been made for continued future agricultural development and farm

training programs which are designed not to compete with export crops of the United States.

The Offices's programs of health and sanitation, in cooperation with the countries concerned, is designed to fit into development work, with the object of stimulating the production of essential supplies for war needs. The most intensive work in the control, prevention, and treatment of disease is in areas of strategic importance in the war effort, such as the rubber-production area of the Amazon Valley, the Rio Doce Valley of Brazil, with its large mineral deposits, and the iron and coals fields in the Chimbote Valley of Peru and Central America. On request from the other republics, projects are in operation in 18 countries. Field parties consisting of tropical medicine specialists, sanitary engineers, and other technicians are collaborating with health authorities and medical specialists of cooperating countries.

Because of the heavy demands made upon the transportation facilities of the other American republics to supply United States requirements of strategic war materials, all of these countries are experiencing increasing difficulty in keeping their transportation systems in operation. To meet this situation, the Office has placed increased emphasis on its transportation program. In this phase of activities the Office cooperates with the other republics by furnishing the services of technicians to advise on maintenance and operational methods. The work is carried out in close collaboration with the Department of State, War Shipping Administration, Office of Defense Transportation, Army, Navy, and other interested agencies.

A large part of the program of the Office has been devoted to improving communications among the 21 republics. The program in this field has been greatly intensified since Pearl Harbor. Media such as the press, radio, and motion pictures are used. In response to a growing demand in the other Americas for information from the United States, a steady flow of news, articles, pictures, pamphlets, and research material relating to the United States war effort is prepared an distributed by the Office to newspapers and magazines in the other republics. Shortwave stations are supplied with approximately 40,000 words daily of news and news commentary in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. Press associations and feature and picture syndicates are regularly supplied with information and news material.

In the field of radio, the Office has encouraged specially planned programs beamed to the other American republics. The purpose of this publication is to depict the progress of the American Hemisphere war effort.

In the field of radio, the Office has encouraged specially planned programs beamed to the other Americas, in addition to programs of Latin American background for broadcast in this country. Specially transcribed programs of United States news broadcasts are prepared for use in the other republics. Under the present contractual agreements with shortwave broadcasting stations, the talent for producing programs for the other American republics has been pooled, and the

production of Spanish, Portuguese, and English programs has been centralized in three studios. Each program is now carried simultaneously by several stations.

In the field of motion pictures, the Motion Picture Society for the Americas, Inc., has been created with the cooperation of various organizations of the motion picture industry. The Society represents the Office upon various committees within the industry and in general acts in an advisory capacity to the industry, correlating and reviewing motion picture activities affecting in any way the program of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. In addition, non-theatrical films are being produced and exhibited; 500 such films are in process of distribution both in the United States and in the other American republics. Through the cooperation of the five newsreel companies, an extensive program of distribution of newsreels of inter-American significance has been undertaken both in the United States and in the other American republics. Under this program, special reels of inter-American events are included in the regular weekly release of the newsreel companies and are seen by an estimated audience of 16,000,000 people each week in the other Americas. In addition to commercial releases, 16-millimeter newsreels are sent each week to the other American republics for non-theatrical distribution.

A broad program of education has been an integral part of the Office of Inter-American Affairs since its inception. This program has been greatly intensified since the entry of the United States into the war. The program is designed to help forge bonds of mutual understanding and appreciation which form the basis of close cooperation in the Hemisphere war effort.

In the United States, a program for the extension of inter-American education in schools, colleges, and universities centers on activities to improve teacher training and inter-American teaching aids and to promote Spanish and Portuguese instruction. The work is organized around cooperative projects with other agencies such as the Pan American Union, the United States Office of Education, State departments of education, and national educational organization.

Other programs in the United States are carried out to assure that the people of this country are fully informed about the interdependent relations which exist between the United States and the other Hemisphere republics, especially in relation to the war effort. Activities include service to a large number of national organizations, local communities, and individuals who are concerned with inter-American programs.

Through the Inter-American Educational Foundation, cooperative educational programs are being developed in the other American republics, with emphasis on general education, health and vocational training, and English language teaching. The programs are being carried out through bilateral agreements providing for the exchange of educators and the preparation and interchange of teaching materials.

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Inter-American Development Commission

The Inter-American Development Commission, of which Nelson A. Rockefeller (former Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs) is

chairman, is a permanent international body set up by the Inter-American Financial and Economic Advisory Committee. The aim of the Commission is to encourage development of natural resources and industry in the other American republics. The Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs collaborates closely with the Commission.

Approved.

Wallace K. Harrison
Deputy Coordinator

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Office of Defense Transportation

Fifth Floor, Interstate Commerce Building
REpublic 7500, Branch 6528

Officials
Director	J.M. Johnson
Executive Assistant to the Director	Homer C. King
Deputy Director	Brig. Gen. Charles D. Young
Executive Director	Joseph L. White
Chief Consultant--Rates	G. Lloyd Wilson
Staff Divisions
General Counsel	Clair M. Roddewig
Assistant General Counsel	Walter L. Baumgartner
Assistant General Counsel	Francis A. Silver
Assistant General Counsel	Frank Perrin
Information Director	Charles E.V.Prins
Transport Personnel Division Director	Arthur W. Motley
Assistant Director	William J. Micheels
Storage Division Director	Samuel G. Spear
Consultant on Refrigerated Storage	J.R. Shoemaker
Materials and Equipment Division Director	H.H. Kelly
Assistant Division Director	Carroll. W. Brown
Rates Division Director	Harry Wilson
Assistant Division Director	(Vacancy)
Transport Departments
Railway Transport Department Director	J.H. Aydelott
Assistant Directors:
Manpower	G.R. Gallagher
Operations	J.E. Friend
Traffic	Linwood L. Adams
Equipment and Structure	S.E. Shoup
Passenger Traffic	V.T. Corbett
Special Representative, Federal Manager T.P.&W. Railroad	Holly Stover
Regional Organization:
Eastern Director	A.R. Pelnar (New York)
Associate Eastern Director	C.M. Moore (New York)
Assistant Eastern Director	Lee A. Christensen (New York)
Assistant Eastern Director	J.D. Gallery (Buffalo)
Southern Director	J.M. Hood (Washington)
Assistant Southern Director	J.P. Kiernan (Washington)
Western Director	W.F. Kirk (Chicago)
Assistant Western Director	J.M. Baths (Los Angeles)
Associate Western Director, Ports	N.S. Laidlaw (San Francisco)
Associate Director, Ore and Grain	F.S. Keiser (Chicago)

Highway Transport Department Director	Guy A. Richardson
Central Organization:
Property Operations Division Director	H.R. Stickel
Passenger Operations Division Director	E.A. Roberts
Federal Operations, Federal Manager	E.T. Longennecker
Equipment and Research Division Director	W.S. Rainville, Jr.
Management Division Director	Ernest Jacobson
Regional Operations Division Director	T.H. Nicholl
Assistant Division Director	A.S. McEvoy
Regional Directors:
New York, N.Y.	P.N. Simmons
Philadelphia, Pa.	Melvin R. Green
Atlanta, Ga.	John G. Caley
Cleveland, Ohio	Robert D. Thomas
Chicago, Ill.	Harry L. Gormley
Dallas, Tex.	E.P. McCallum, Jr.
Denver, Colo.	Asa J. Merrill
San Francisco, Calif.	Robert O. Crowe
Puerto Rican Transport Director	M.G. deQuevedo (Washington)
San Juan Regional Director	Paul H. Quinn (San Juan, P.R.)
Hawaiian Transport Regional Director	James O'Dowda (Honolulu, T.H.)
Alaskan Transport, Alaskan Representative	John E. Pegues (Fairbanks, Alaska)
Waterway Transport Department Director	L.C. Turner
Coastwise and Intercoastal Division Director	Charles F. Kellers (New York)
Inland Waterways Division Director	Vacancy (Washington)
Assistant Division Director	A.W. Kitto (New Orleans)
Great Lakes Carriers Division Director	A.T. Wood (Cleveland)
Liquid Transport Department Director	Fayette B. Dow
Deputy Director	R.H. Lamberton
Pipe Line Division Director	R.W. Shields
Tank Car Service Division Director	A.V. Bourque
Tank Trucks Division Director	S.F. Niness

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Creation and Authority.--The Office of Defense Transportation was established in the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 8989, of December 18, 1941, in order to "define further the functions and duties of the Office for Emergency Management with respect to the state of war and to assure maximum utilization of the domestic transportation facilities of the Nation for the successful prosecution of the war." Domestic transportation as defined in the order includes railroad, motor, inland waterway, pipeline, air transport, and coastwise and intercoastal shipping. This Office assumes the duties formerly vested in the Transportation Division of the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense.

Purpose.--The functions of the Office, subject to such policies, regulations, and directions as the President may from time to time prescribe, are to:

1. "Coordinate the transportation policies and activities of the several Federal agencies and private transportation groups in effecting such adjustments in the domestic transportation systems of the Nation as the successful prosecution of the war may require.

2. "Compile and analyze estimates of the requirements to be imposed upon existing domestic transport facilities by the needs of the war effort; determine the adequacy of such facilities to accommodate

the increased traffic volume occasioned by the war effort; develop measures designed to secure maximum use of existing domestic transportation facilities; and stimulate the provision of necessary additional transport facilities and equipment in order to achieve the level of domestic transportation services required; and in this connection advise the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board³ as to the estimated requirements, and recommend allocations of materials and equipment necessary for the provision of adequate domestic transportation service.
3. "Coordinate and direct domestic traffic movements with the objective of preventing possible points of traffic congestion and assuring the orderly and expeditious movement of men, materials, and supplies to points of need.

4. "In cooperation with the United States Maritime Commission and other appropriate agencies, coordinate domestic traffic movements with ocean shipping in order to avoid terminal congestion at port areas and to maintain a maximum flow of traffic.

5. "Perform the functions and exercise the authority vested in the President by . . . (1) Sec. 1 (15) of Interstate Commerce Act as amended, U.S.C. title 49, sec. 1 (15); (2) Sec. 6 (8) of Interstate Commerce Act as amended, U.S.C. title 49, sec. 6 (8).

6. "Survey and ascertain present and anticipated storage and warehousing requirements at points of transfer and in terminal areas; and encourage the provision of increased storage, loading, and unloading facilities where necessary.

7. "Represent the defense interest of the Government in negotiating rates with domestic transportation carriers and in advising the appropriate governmental agencies with respect to the necessity for rate adjustments caused by the effect of the defense program.

8. "devise upon proposed or existing emergency legislation affecting domestic transportation, and recommend such additional emergency legislation as may be necessary or desirable.

9. "Keep the President informed with respect to progress made in carrying out this Order; and perform such related duties as the President may from time to time assign or delegate to it."

Additional functions, duties, and powers were conferred on the Office of Defense Transportation by Executive Order 9156 of May 2, 1942. The order stated that the Office shall:

1. "Include within the scope of its authority and responsibility, as defined in said order, all rubber-borne transportation facilities, including passenger cars, buses, taxicabs, and trucks.

2. "Develop programs to facilitate the continuous adjustment of the Nation and its transport requirements to the available supply of transportation services relying upon rubber.

3. "Formulate measures to conserve and assure maximum utilization of the existing supply of civilian transport services dependent upon rubber, including the limitation of the use of rubber-borne transportation facilities in nonessential civilian activities, and regulation of the use or distribution of such transportation facilities among essential activities."

Executive Order 9214, of August 5, 1942, extended the scope of authority of the Office of Defense Transportation, and defined in Executive

Orders 8989 and 9156, to include all domestic transportation within the Territories and possessions of the United States.

Executive Order 9294, of January 4, 1943, provided that the Office shall:

Advise and assist Federal departments and agencies, State and local governments, and private organizations in surveying the need for and planning the provision of transportation service for the movement of personnel to and from war plants and establishments, including those related to production in the war effort, agricultural as well as industrial, to military and naval establishments, and to essential civilian services.

Review and approve such contracts, agreements, or arrangements hereafter made by Federal departments and agencies, or by private firms (except common carriers) holding contracts from such departments and agencies, for the purchase, lease, requisition, or use of new or used local passenger transportation equipment necessary to insure proper transportation service to war plants and establishments.

Advise the War Production Board on the allocation of new local passenger transportation equipment; and recommend to the War Production Board programs and procedures for controlling the transfer and placement of used local passenger transportation equipment.

Executive Order 9294 implements the act of Congress approved December 1, 1942 (56 Stat. 1024; 50 U.S.C. App. 841), which authorized the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Chairman of the Maritime Commission to provide transportation facilities for personnel (attached to or employed by their departments or agency) to and from their places of employment, when adequate private and other facilities are not available. The act provides that this authority shall be exercised in each case only after a determination by the ODT that existing private and other facilities are not and cannot be rendered adequate by other means, and that its exercise will result in the most efficient method of supplying transportation to the personnel concerned and a utilization of transportation facilities consistent with the plans, policies, and programs of the Office.

By War Production Board Directive 35, effective July 1, 1944, the power and responsibility for the allocation of new commercial motor vehicles was delegated to the ODT.

Activities.--The Office of Defense Transportation maintains a thorough daily check on railroad traffic movement and initiates measures to relive or forestall terminal congestion. In conjunction with other agencies, it controls movement of export freight to the ports. Through its efforts, storage space in port areas for shipments awaiting export has been substantially expanded. To obtain maximum service from a limited supply of railroad equipment, the ODT has required heavier loading of freight cars, arranged for pooling of refrigerator and tank cars, and promoted interchange of motive power. It has frozen passenger-train schedules, prohibited operation of special trains, cars, or extra sections without permit, and encouraged voluntary curtailment of unnecessary civilian travel.

in the field of automotive transportation, the ODT has brought about greater utilization and conservation of motor trucks and commercial and private passenger vehicles. It has coordinated the operations of motor common carriers and curtailed local delivery services.

Under its Certificate of War Necessity program, mileage of trucks, buses, and taxicabs has been rationed. Maximum use of local transit facilities has been promoted by staggering hours, rerouting bus lines, and other measures. A group-riding program for private passenger cars, initiated by ODT, has also eased the burden on local transportation systems. The ODT has likewise acted to coordinate the services and conserve the facilities of intercity bus lines and school buses. it allocates new commercial motor vehicles by controls over the sale or transfer thereof.

The Office of Defense Transportation is charged with responsibility for transportation of petroleum and other liquids by rail tank car, barge, pipeline, and tank truck. Its efforts have brought about a great increase in the volume of petroleum and other liquids transported by these means, at a time when transportation of such products by ocean tankers has been greatly reduced.

The ODT has established various controls over coastwise, Great Lakes, and inland waterway shipping. It has fostered formation of labor-management committees, promoted expansion of training programs, and dealt in other ways with transportation, manpower, and personnel problems. The ODT is the claimant agency for domestic transportation under the Controlled Materials Plan of the War Production Board. It is also the claimant agency before the Petroleum Administration for War for gasoline for highway use.

Approved.

J.M. Johnson
Director

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Office of Economic Stabilization

Room 1224, Federal Reserve Building
REpublic 75000, Branch 76961

Officials
Director	William H. Davis
Counsel	(Vacancy)
Executive Administrative Assistant	William Berg, Jr.
Economic Stabilization Board
Chairman	William H. Davis
Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (Secretary of the Treasury)     Claude R. Wickard (Secretary of Agriculture)     Henry A. Wallace (Secretary of Commerce)     Frances Perkins (Secretary of Labor)     Marriner S. Eccles (Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System)     Harold D. Smith (Director, Bureau of the Budget)     Chester Bowles (Administrator, Office of Price Administration)     George W. Taylor (Chairman, National War Labor Board)     Paul V. McNutt (Chairman, War Manpower Commission)     Ganson Purcell (Chairman, Securities and Exchange Commission)
Representing Labor:
William L. Green (President, American Federation of Labor)     Philip Murray (President, Congress of Industrial Organizations)

Representing Agriculture:
James G. Patton (President, Farmers Cooperative Union)     Edward A. O'Neal (President, American Farm Bureau Federation)
Representing Management:
Erice A. Johnston (President, United States Chamber of Commerce)     (Vacancy)

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Creation and Authority.--The Office of Economic Stabilization was established within the Office for Emergency Management on October 3, 1942, by Executive Order 9250, to control so far as possible the inflationary tendencies and the vast dislocations attendant thereon which threaten the military effort and domestic economic structure. To advise the Director of Economic Stabilization, the Economic Stabilization Board was established by the same order, with the Director designated as Chairman.

The Director of Economic Stabilization was authorized to formulate and to develop a comprehensive national economic policy relating to the control of civilian purchasing power, prices, rents, wages, salaries, profits, rationing, subsidies, and related matters for the purpose of preventing avoidable increases in the cost of living, cooperating in minimizing unnecessary migration of labor from one business, industry, or region to another, and facilitating the prosecution of the war. The DIrector was empowered to issue directives on policy to the Federal departments and agencies concerned.

The administration of activities related to the national economic policy remains with the departments and agencies now responsible for such activities, but conforms to the directives on policy issued by the Director.

Executive Order 9328, of April 8, 1943, provided regulations with respect to the control of price, wage, and salary increases as are necessary to maintain stabilization.

Approved.

William H. Davis
Director

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Office of Scientific Research and Development

1530 P. Street NW.
REpublic 7500, Branch 72992

Officials
Director	Dr. Vannevar Bush (Carnegie Institution of Washington)
Executive Assistant to Director	Carroll L. Wilson
Executive Secretary	Irvin Stewart
Advisory Council
Chairman	Dr. Vannevar Bush
Chairman, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics	Dr. J.C. Hunsaker
Chairman, National Defense Research Committee	Dr. J.B. Conant
Chairman, Committee on Medical Research	Dr. A.N. Richards
Army Representative	Harvey H. Bundy
Navy Representative	Rear Admiral J.A. Furer

National Defense Research Committee

Chairman	Dr. J.B. Conant (Harvard University)
Vice Chairman	Dr. Richard C. Tolman (California Institute of Technology)
President, National Academy of Sciences	Dr. Frank Baldwin Jewett
Commissioner of Patents	Conway P. Coe
Army Representative	Col. Lee A. Denson
Navy Representative	Capt. Lybrand P. Smith
Dr. Roger Adams (University of Illinois
Dr. Karl T. Compton (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Executive Officer	E.L. Moreland
Executive Secretary	Irvin Stewart

Committee on Medical Research

Chairman	Dr. A.N. Richards (University of Pennsylvania)
Vice Chairman	Dr. Lewis H. Weed (Chairman, Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council; Johns Hopkins Medical School)
Army Representative	Brig. Gen. James Stevens Simmons
Navy Representative	Rear Admiral Harold W. Smith
Dr. A.R. Dochez (Columbia University)
Dr. A. Baird Hastings (Harvard University)
Executive Secretary	Irvin Stewart

Office of Field Service

Chief	Dr. Karl T. Compton (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Deputy Chief	Dr. Alan T. Waterman

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Creation and Purpose.--The Office of Scientific Research and Development was created within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 8807, dated June 28, 1941, for the purpose of assuring adequate provision for research on scientific and medical problems relating to the national defense.

Activities.--The functions of the Office are to:

1. "Advise the President with regard to the status of scientific and medical research relation to national defense and the measures necessary to assure continued and increasing progress in this field.

2. "Serve as the center for the mobilization of the scientific personnel and resources of the Nation in order to assure maximum utilization of such personnel and resources in developing and applying the results of scientific research to defense purposes.

3. "Coordinate, aid, and, where desirable, supplement the experimental and other scientific and medical research activities relating to national defense carried on by the Departments of War and Navy and other departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

   "Develop broad and coordinated plans for the conduct of scientific research in the defense program, in collaboration with representatives of the War and Navy Departments; review existing scientific research programs formulated by the Departments of War and Navy and other agencies of the Government, and advise them with

respect to the relationship of their proposed activities to the total research program.
5. "Initiate and support scientific research on the mechanisms and devices of warfare with the objective of creating, developing, and improving instrumentalities, methods, and materials required for national defense.

6. "Initiate and support scientific research on medical problems affecting the national defense.

7. "Initiate and support such scientific and medical research as may be requested by the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States under the terms of the Act of March 11, 1941, entitled 'An Act t Promote the Defense of the United States'; and serve as the central liaison office for the conduct of such scientific and medical research for such countries.

8. "Perform such other duties relating to scientific and medical research and development as the President may from time to time assign or delegate to it."

The Office of Scientific Research and Development utilizes the laboratories, equipment, and services of governmental agencies and institutions. The Director may contract with and transfer funds to existing governmental agencies and institutions and may enter into contracts and agreements with individuals, educational and scientific institutions (including the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council), industrial organizations, and other agencies for studies, experimental investigations, and reports.

The Director is authorized to carry out the provisions of any contracts which fall within the scope of the Executive order heretofore entered into by (1) the National Defense Research Committee, established by order of the Council of National Defense on June 27, 1940, (2) the Health and Medical Committee, established by order of the Council of National Defense on September 19, 1940, and (3) the Federal Security Administrator in his capacity as coordinator of health, medical, welfare, nutrition, recreation, and other related activities as authorized by order of the Council of National Defense on November 28, 1940.

The Advisory Council advises and assists the Director with respect to the coordination of research activities carried on by private and governmental research groups, and facilitates the interchange of information and data between such groups and agencies.

The National Defense Research Committee advises and assists the Director in the performance of his scientific research duties, with special reference to the mobilization of the scientific personnel and resources of the Nation. To this end it is the responsibility of the Committee to recommend to the Director the need for and character of contracts to be entered into with universities, research institutes, and industrial laboratories for research and development on instrumentalities of warfare to supplement such research and development activities of the Departments of War and the Navy. Furthermore, the Committee shall from time to time make findings, and submit recommendations to the Director with respect to the adequacy, progress, and results of research n scientific problems related to the War Program.

The Committee on Medical Research advises and assists the Director in the performance of his medical research duties, with special reference

to the mobilization of medical and scientific personnel of the Nation. To this end it is the responsibility of the Committee to recommend to the Director the need for and character of contracts to be entered into with universities, hospitals, and other agencies conducting medical research activities for research and development ion the field of the medical sciences. Furthermore, the Committee shall from time to time, on request by the Director, make findings and submit recommendations with respect to the adequacy, progress, and results of research on medical problems related to national defense.

Approved.

Vannevar Bush
Director

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Office of War Information

Social Security Building, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW.
REpublic 7500

Officials
Director	Elmer Davis
Associate Director	Edward Klauber
Assistant to the Director	Julian L. Woodward
Assistant Director for Management	Charles M. Hulten
Executive Officer	Nathaniel Looker
Chief, Management Planning Office	Ralph B. Thompson
Chief, Personnel Office	Donald R. Harvey
Chief, Budget, Fiscal, and Operating Services Office	Parker May
General Counsel	Thomas E. Bracken
Security Officer	Rear Admiral Richard P. McCullough (U.S.N. ret.)
Domestic Operations Branch
Director of Domestic Operations	Neil Dalton
Executive Director	John Herrick
Assistant Director	Noble A. Cathcart
Director of War Programs	David M. Frederick
Assistant to the Director	Robin E. Doan
Deputies of the Director:
James R. Brackett      Capt. William Waldo Drake (U.S.N.R.)      Harold R. Stone	George H. Lyon Maurice F. Hanson Arthur Sweetser
Chief, Book and Magazine Bureau	Oscar Schisgall
Chief, Foreign News Bureau	Matthew Gordon
Chief, Graphics Bureau	Jacques DunLany
Chief, Motion Picture Bureau	Taylor Mills
Chief, News Bureau	Dowsley Clark
Chief, Radio Bureau	George P. Ludlam
Chief, Special Services Bureau	Katherine C. Blackburn
Overseas Operations Branch
Director of Overseas Operations	Edward W. Barrett
Executive Director	Thurman L. Barnard
Special Assistant to Director	James A. Linen
Assistant to Director	David G. Wilson
Assistant to Executive Director	Gilbert T. Hoag
Policy Coordinator	Leonard Doob
Special Liaison Officer	Maj. William A. Aiken
Chief of Information Liaison	William C. Bourne
Chief of Operations Liaison	R. Edgar Moore

Deputy Director, Area I (Europe and Turkey)	Wallace Carroll
Deputy Director, Area II (British Commonwealth, Mid-East, U.S.S.R.)	Ferdinand Kuhn
Deputy Director, Area III (Pacific and Far East)	George E. Taylor
Chief, New York Office	Louis G. Cowan
Chief, San Francisco Office	Claude A. Buss
Assistant Chief for Operations (San Francisco)	Kenneth D. Fry
Assistant Chief for Policy (San Francisco)	Charles A. Siepmann
Chief, Communications Facilities Bureau	James O. Weldon
Chief, Office of Communications Control	Maj. Robert B. Fentress
Chief, Bureau of Overseas Intelligence	Victor M. Hunt, Acting
Chief, News and Features Bureau	Adrian Berwick
Chief, Overseas Publications Bureau	Samuel T. Williamson
Chief, Overseas Motion Picture Bureau	Robert Riskin
Chief, Radio Program Bureau	Lawrence Blochman
Chief, Outpost Service Bureau	Arthur A. May, Acting

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Creation and Authority.--By Executive Order 9182 of June 13, 1942, the war information functions of the Government--foreign and domestic--were consolidated into one new agency, Office of War Information, within the Office for Emergency Management.

The following agencies, powers, and duties were transferred and consolidated into the Office of War Information:

1. Office of Facts and Figures.

2. Office of Government Reports.

3. Division of Information in the Office for Emergency Management ("The functions of the Division of Information of the Office for Emergency Management with respect to the provision of press and publication services relating to the specific activities of the constituent agencies of the Office for Emergency Management are transferred to those constituent agencies respectively, and the Division of Information is accordingly abolished.")

4. Foreign Information Service, Outpost, Publications, and Pictorial Branches of the Coordinator of Information.

Purpose.--The Director was authorized to:

1. "Formulate and carry out, through the use of press, radio, motion picture, and other facilities, information programs designed to facilitate the development of an informed and intelligent understanding, at home and abroad, of the status and progress of the war effort, and of the war policies, activities, and aims of the Government.

2. "Coordinate the war informational activities of all Federal departments and agencies for the purpose of assuring an accurate and consistent flow of war information to the public and the world at large.

3. "Obtain, study, and analyze information concerning the war effort and advise the agencies concerned with the dissemination of such information as to the most appropriate and effective means of keeping the public adequately and accurately informed.

4. "Review, clear, and approve all proposed radio and motion picture programs sponsored by Federal departments and agencies; and serve as the central point of clearance and contact for the radio broadcasting and motion picture industries, respectively, in their relationships with Federal departments and agencies concerning such Government programs.

5. "Maintain liaison with the information agencies of the United Nations for the purpose of relating the Government's informational programs and facilities to those of such nations.

6. Perform such other functions and duties relating to war information as the President may from time to time determine."

The Director was also given authority, subject to policies laid down by the President, to issue directives to all Federal departments and agencies with respect to their informational services. he has full authority to eliminate all overlapping and duplication, and to discontinue in any department any informational activity which is not necessary or useful to the war effort.

The order specified that the Director of the Office of War Information and the Director of Censorship collaborate in the performance of their respective functions for the purpose of facilitating the prompt and full dissemination of all available information which will not give aid to the enemy.

It was further specified that the Director of the Office of War Information and the Board of War Communications collaborate in the performance of their respective functions for the purpose of facilitating the broadcast of war information to the peoples abroad.

Executive Order 9312 of March 9, 1943, defined the foreign information activities of the Office of War Information and modified the military order of June 13, 1942, establishing the Office of Strategic Services, to the extent necessary to make the order of March 9, 1943, effective. The Office of War Information was authorized to "plan, develop, and execute all phases of the Federal program of radio, press, publication, and related foreign propaganda activities involving the dissemination of information. The program for foreign propaganda in areas of actual or projected military operations will be coordinated with military plans through the planning agencies of the War and Navy Departments, and shall be subject to the approval of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Parts of the foreign propaganda program which are to be executed in a theater of military operations will be subject to the control of the theater commander. The authority, functions, and duties of the Office of War Information shall not extend to the Western Hemisphere, exclusive of the United States. and Canada."

Domestic Operations Branch

The Domestic Operations Branch is responsible for coordinating and disseminating war information within the continental limits of the United States. It develops war information policies, coordinates the war information programs of Government agencies, and through the use of established communications facilities seeks to assure an accurate flow of war information to the public.

The Branch consists of the Office of the Director and seven operating Bureaus. The Office of the Director includes the Deputies, the Office of the Director of War Programs, the Inter-Agency Publications Committee Unit, and the Speech Clearance Unit.

Deputies of the Director of OWI assigned to the staff of the Director of Domestic Operations coordinate war information policy between the Office of War Information and other Federal departments and agencies; keep the Director informed of impending policy decisions; inteprpet OWI policy to the departments and agencies; and offer counsel on matters affecting public information.

Office of the Director of War Programs.--This office formulates and executes policies involved in the conduct of war information

programs. It coordinates the activities of the Deputy Directors, Program Managers, and Bureau Chiefs insofar as these concern war information programs, maintains liaison with the advertising and allied industries through the War Advertising Council, and supervises the scheduling of all war information program activities and the allocation of media facilities used in the promotion of war information programs.

Book and Magazine Bureau.--The Book and Magazine Bureau is the central clearing house and liaison agency between Government war agencies on the one hand and books and magazines on the other. The Bureau keeps magazine editors, writes, and literary agents apprised of subjects important to Government war information programs, and supplies them with information in line with such programs. Through a monthly Magazine War Guide and Supplement the Bureau keeps the magazine world acquainted with official information topics which will be in the foreground on the magazines' dates of publication. Magazine editors and writers as assisted in obtaining information from other Government agencies. The Bureau does not prepare finished articles for individual magazines. In somewhat similar fashion the Bureau offers to book publishers, authors, literary agents, bookstores, and libraries such services as will assist them to convey messages about the war to the readers of books. The Bureau maintains liaison with the Writers War Board, a volunteer group of leading American writers, and the Council on Books in Wartime, an organization representing the book trade.

Foreign New Bureau.--The function of this Bureau is to provide the American press, radio commentators, and other news outlets with war information obtained from foreign sources available only in a limited way, if at all, to nongovernmental agencies. The Bureau receives from United States and allied monitoring services a world-wide report of broadcasts from allied and neutral as well as enemy and enemy-occupied countries. Newsworthy information derived from these broadcasts is distributed to American news outlets. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis and exposure of enemy propaganda techniques. The press of enemy and enemy-occupied countries is also analyzed and the information material derived from such analysis is distributed. The Bureau also aids in the distribution of war news by acting as the receiving and distributing agency for pooled press copy received from overseas war theaters.

Graphics Bureau.--The Bureau clears all posters and graphics materials produced by the Government. To be sure that all such materials meet requisite technical standards, the Bureau strengthens copy appeals when necessary and makes available to all Government agencies the services of America's leading art directors and poster artists. In the actual production of graphics materials, the Bureau serves as liaison between Federal departments and the Government Printing Office. In the distribution of graphics materials, the Bureau maintains liaison with the outdoor, transportation, retail, and direct mail advertising industries as well as with special distribution facilities both inside and outside of the Government.

Motion Picture Bureau.--This Bureau is the Government's official channel to the motion picture industry for both theatrical and on-theatrical information films. The Bureau does not, itself, produce

any motion pictures. On important subjects requiring theatrical distribution, the Motion Picture Bureau requests the War Activities Committee of the motion picture industry to arrange for scripts, production, release prints, distribution, and exhibition in more than 16,000 theaters throughout the country. This entire service is performed by the motion picture industry at no cost to the Government. The newsreel companies also schedule important timely subjects on request by the Bureau. The Bureau releases monthly a production report on the motion picture activities of all civilian and military agencies. It also releases monthly suggested topics dealing with war information programs to theatrical short subject producers and nontheatrical producers.

New Bureau.--The New Bureau clears and releases war-related news stories, statements, speeches, and reports of Government departments and war agencies. This informational material is cleared with all agencies concerned so as to harmonize and reconcile the facts. The news releases are then distributed to the daily press representatives and news services, and to radio news commentators. To such extent as necessary, the releases are re-written and distributed to such specialized press groups as serve rural, Negro, labor, business, and foreign language elements of our population. Although a large proportion of the news releases are prepared by information staffs attached to the respective agencies, the News Bureau itself prepares, through its own writing staff, many extensive reports on war-related subjects that involve assembling facts form more than one agency. Also the News Bureau prepared, clears, and issues all news releases involving furtherance of official Government home front war programs.

Radio Bureau.--This Bureau reviews, clears, and approves all proposed radio programs sponsored by Federal departments and agencies, and serves as the central point of clearance and contact for such departments and agencies in their relationships with the radio broadcasting and radio advertising industries. The Bureau also channels Government information grograms to the public through both commercially sponsored and sustaining radio shows. For the Government agency which seeks to enlist public support of a wartime activity, it secure the use of radio programs with a known audience on a regular basis through the facilities of its several operating plans. The Bureau allocates broadcasting time made available by the industry and by radio advertisers and clears for war information policy all Government messages which go out over the air.

Special Services Bureau.--The Bureau has three divisions. The Research Division provides a fact-gathering service for the OWI. The Division of Press Intelligence provides on request, a daily newspaper clipping service for OWI, other Federal departments and agencies, and Members of Congress. The Division of Public Inquiries (see FOreword to Manual) provides a central information service for the Federal Government that is available to all agencies of government, and to the public. Questions relating to the organization, functions, and personnel of the Federal Government, and general information questions, may be submitted in person, by telephone, or by mail. The Division will refer to the proper agencies questions within their jurisdiction, and will provide direct answers to questions not within the jurisdiction of a specific agency.

Overseas Operations Branch

The Overseas Operations Branch plans and executes the wartime information and propaganda activities of the United States Government in all countries outside the continental limits of the United States, except Central and South America.

In active military zones, the Office of War Information works with United States and Allied military agencies in the prosecution of psychological warfare. OWI outposts operate in more than a score of allied and neutral nations. In other areas OWI provides